Green computing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Green computing, Green ICT as per IFG International Federation of Green ICT and IFG Standard, green IT, or ICT sustainability, is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT. San Murugesan notes that this can include . Green computing is important for all classes of systems, ranging from handheld systems. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy Star, a voluntary labeling program that is designed to promote and recognize energy- efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other technologies. This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics. Concurrently, the Swedish organization TCO Development launched the TCO Certification program to promote low magnetic and electrical emissions from CRT- based computer displays; this program was later expanded to include criteria on energy consumption, ergonomics, and the use of hazardous materials in construction. The report concludes that initiatives tend to concentrate on the greening ICTs themselves rather than on their actual implementation to tackle global warming and environmental degradation. In general, only 2. The Energy Star program was revised in October 2. The bill allocated over $9. In January 2. 01. U. S. Energy Department granted $4. ARRA money towards projects that aim to improve the energy efficiency of data centers. The projects provided research to optimize data center hardware and software, improve power supply chain, and data center cooling technologies. It was started on 2. The name stems from the World Wildlife Fund's Climate Savers program, which was launched in 1. The Council evaluates computing equipment on 5. Products are rated Gold, Silver, or Bronze, depending on how many optional criteria they meet. Rolling Hills Country Day School offers one of the largest summer programs in the South Bay. In 2015, the School welcomed more than 1000 campers throughout the area. Considering Lean Six Sigma certification? The Green Belt course offered at Governors State University in University Park, IL can help you advance your career. University of Toledo Department of Chemistry. Contact Us Main Campus Bowman-Oddy Laboratories. Room: BO 2022 Mail Stop: 602. We are the nation’s only graduate school dedicated solely to the study of freshwater: the ideal place to explore water in all of its complexities. Find thousands of accredited Masters Degrees including MBA MA MS MFA Masters Programs on GradSchools.com the #1 site for Master Degree Programs! Master’s Degree Concentration in Materials Science & Engineering (MSE) For current course scheduling, please visit the Student Link. For course descriptions, please. By Kelley Jacobs Updated June 2016 This article considers the 50 best online master’s degree programs in the United States for 2015. Featured Programs Western. Visit the #1 graduate school directory! Browse thousands of grad school programs by location, school, Master's degrees, PhD programs, certificates and much more. Research environmental science degrees including Bachelors, Masters and PhD levels. On 2. 00. 7- 0. 1- 2. President George W. Bush issued Executive Order 1. United States Federal agencies to use EPEAT when purchasing computer systems. It was founded in February 2. The Green Grid has since grown to hundreds of members, including end- users and government organizations, all focused on improving data center infrastructure efficiency (DCIE). The Green. 50. 0 list rates supercomputers by energy efficiency (megaflops/watt), encouraging a focus on efficiency rather than absolute performance. Green Comm Challenge is an organization that promotes the development of energy conservation technology and practices in the field of Information and Communications Technology (ICT). The Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) Energy specification augments existing TPC benchmarks by allowing optional publications of energy metrics alongside performance results. Other benchmarks which measure energy efficiency include SPECweb, SPECvirt. Green computing can also develop solutions that offer benefits by . A solution may also need to address end user satisfaction, management restructuring, regulatory compliance, and return on investment (ROI). There are also considerable fiscal motivations for companies to take control of their own power consumption; . Another report from Gartner recommends to . Department of Energy estimates that data center facilities consume up to 1. Department of Energy specifies five primary areas on which to focus energy efficient data center design best practices. Department of Energy include on- site electrical generation and recycling of waste heat. Algorithm changes, such as switching from a slow (e. In 2. 00. 9, a study by a physicist at Harvard estimated that the average Google search released 7 grams of carbon dioxide (CO. Researchers from MIT, Carnegie Mellon University, and Akamai have tested an energy allocation algorithm that successfully routes traffic to the location with the cheapest energy costs. The researchers project up to a 4. However, this approach does not actually reduce the amount of energy being used; it reduces only the cost to the company using it. Nonetheless, a similar strategy could be used to direct traffic to rely on energy that is produced in a more environmentally friendly or efficient way. A similar approach has also been used to cut energy usage by routing traffic away from data centers experiencing warm weather; this allows computers to be shut down to avoid using air conditioning. Local availability of renewable energy, climate that allows outside air to be used for cooling, or locating them where the heat they produce may be used for other purposes could be factors in green siting decisions. Approaches to actually reduce the energy consumption of network devices by proper network/device management techniques are surveyed in. The concept originated with the IBM mainframe operating systems of the 1. With virtualization, a system administrator could combine several physical systems into virtual machines on one single, powerful system, thereby unplugging the original hardware and reducing power and cooling consumption. Virtualization can assist in distributing work so that servers are either busy or put in a low- power sleep state. Several commercial companies and open- source projects now offer software packages to enable a transition to virtual computing. Intel Corporation and AMD have also built proprietary virtualization enhancements to the x. CPU product lines, in order to facilitate virtual computing. Terminal servers. When using the system, users at a terminal connect to a central server; all of the actual computing is done on the server, but the end user experiences the operating system on the terminal. These can be combined with thin clients, which use up to 1/8 the amount of energy of a normal workstation, resulting in a decrease of energy costs and consumption. Examples of terminal server software include Terminal Services for Windows and the Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) for the Linux operating system. Power management. This allows a system to automatically turn off components such as monitors and hard drives after set periods of inactivity. In addition, a system may hibernate, when most components (including the CPU and the system RAM) are turned off. ACPI is a successor to an earlier Intel- Microsoft standard called Advanced Power Management, which allows a computer's BIOS to control power management functions. This process is called undervolting. Some CPUs can automatically undervolt the processor, depending on the workload; this technology is called . Many organizations are aiming to eliminate underutilized servers, which results in lower energy usage. Further iterations of Windows added hibernate (suspend- to- disk) and support for the ACPI standard. Windows 2. 00. 0 was the first NT- based operating system to include power management. This required major changes to the underlying operating system architecture and a new hardware driver model. Windows 2. 00. 0 also introduced Group Policy, a technology that allowed administrators to centrally configure most Windows features. However, power management was not one of those features. This is probably because the power management settings design relied upon a connected set of per- user and per- machine binary registry values. The reasons for this design decision by Microsoft are not known, and it has resulted in heavy criticism. The support offered is limited to a single per- computer policy. The most recent release, Windows 7 retains these limitations but does include refinements for timer coalescing, processor power management. The most significant change in Windows 7 is in the user experience. The prominence of the default High Performance power plan has been reduced with the aim of encouraging users to save power. There is a significant market in third- party PC power management software offering features beyond those present in the Windows operating system. Most products offer Active Directory integration and per- user/per- machine settings with the more advanced offering multiple power plans, scheduled power plans, anti- insomnia features and enterprise power usage reporting. Notable vendors include 1. E Night. Watchman. A certification program called 8. Plus certifies PSUs that are at least 8. PSUs of the same form factor. As of July 2. 0, 2. Energy Star 4. 0- certified desktop PSUs must be at least 8. With no moving parts, power consumption may be reduced somewhat for low- capacity flash- based devices. This includes archival and backup data that would formerly have been saved on tape or other offline storage. The increase in online storage has increased power consumption. Reducing the power consumed by large storage arrays, while still providing the benefits of online storage, is a subject of ongoing research. They also contain significant amounts of lead. LCD monitors typically use a cold- cathode fluorescent bulb to provide light for the display. Some newer displays use an array of light- emitting diodes (LEDs) in place of the fluorescent bulb, which reduces the amount of electricity used by the display. Computer systems that have outlived their particular function can be re- purposed, or donated to various charities and non- profit organizations. Computing supplies, such as printer cartridges, paper, and batteries may be recycled as well. In this country, e- waste collection is still at a 1. The old storage devices still hold private information, such as emails, passwords, and credit card numbers, which can be recovered simply by someone's using software available freely on the Internet. Deletion of a file does not actually remove the file from the hard drive. Before recycling a computer, users should remove the hard drive, or hard drives if there is more than one, and physically destroy it or store it somewhere safe. There are some authorized hardware recycling companies to whom the computer may be given for recycling, and they typically sign a non- disclosure agreement. Virtualization, Dynamic provisioning environment, multi- tenancy, green data center approaches are enabling cloud computing to lower carbon emissions and energy usage up to a great extent. Physics and Astronomy. ACCESSIBILITYwheelchairaccessible Report an Issue. Bowling Green State University (BGSU) has built their website around the Standards of the World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3. C) Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) 5 and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
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